Integrated Circuits (ICs)

An integrated circuit (IC) is a small arrangement of transistors, diodes, and other electronic components created on a semiconductor material (typically silicon) and capable of performing a number of operations such as signal amplification, data storage and processing, and electrical control.

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Buy integrated circuit (IC) Online in India

An integrated circuit (IC) is a small piece of semiconductor material, typically silicon, containing a collection of electronic circuits that have been integrated together on the chip. This integration process results in circuits that are much smaller, faster, and cheaper than those constructed from individual components. The integrated circuit may contain thousands or even millions of microscopic resistors, capacitors, diodes, and transistors that are fabricated onto a semiconductor wafer. ICs have a wide range of applications, serving as amplifiers, oscillators, timers, counters, logic gates, microcontrollers, microprocessors, and computer memory.

ICs are a crucial component in most circuits and can be found in nearly all modern electronic devices. They are the fundamental building block upon which much of modern technology is built. The mass production capability, reliability, and modular approach to integrated circuits have made them commercially viable, particularly when high production volumes are expected.

 

Integrated circuit types

Integrated circuits are classified based on their functions and manufacturing techniques. The three main types of ICs are digital, analog, and mixed-signal ICs. Digital ICs use boolean algebra to process "one" and "zero" signals and are used in microprocessors, DSPs, and microcontrollers. They can contain billions of logic gates, flip-flops, multiplexers, and other circuits in a small area. Analog ICs, on the other hand, are used to process continuous signals and are used in amplifiers, oscillators, and other analog circuits. Mixed-signal ICs combine both analog and digital signaling on the same IC.

Integrated circuits can also be categorized based on their applications. Memory chips store data and program code, while programmable ICs allow for customization of their functionality. Interface ICs provide a link between different parts of a system. Power management ICs control the power usage of a system, while logic ICs perform logical operations. These categories are not mutually exclusive, and an IC may belong to more than one category depending on its features and intended use.

 

Logic Gate Types:

Logic gates are essential components of digital circuits. They are electronic devices that perform logical operations on one or more binary inputs in order to generate a single binary output.

  • There are 7 types of logic gates: 
    • AND Gate
    • OR Gate
    • XOR Gate
    • NOT Gate
    • NAND Gate
    • NOR Gate
    • XNOR Gate

Basic Logic Gate Symbol:

There are seven different types of logic gates. The symbols for seven logic gates are shown below. A and B represent the input variables or signals, and the gate's output terminal represents the resulting output.

 

 

 

Advantages of Integrated Circuit

Integrated circuits (ICs) have several advantages over discrete circuits

  • Small and lightweight, making them suitable for portable devices.
  • Energy-efficient, due to their small size and proximity, resulting in lower power consumption.
  • Cost-effective production in large quantities.
  • Reliable performance.
  • Building-block approach to integrated design, allowing easy integration of multiple circuits on a single chip.

Uses of integrated circuit

Integrated circuits (ICs) are used in a wide range of electronic devices and systems

  • Smartphones, laptops, computers, televisions, cameras, and mp3 players.
  • Industrial plants, robotics, automobile, and aircraft controls.
  • Microprocessors, microcontrollers, and digital signal processors.
  • Analog circuits, such as amplifiers, oscillators, and filters.
  • Power management, memory chips, and interface circuits.

The versatility and reliability of ICs make them an essential component in modern electronics and technology.

 

Integrated circuit Prices in India:

 

Item Name

Price Inc GST. (As of 16 November 2022)

ATTINY85 USB Development Board

279

Si5351A Clock Signal Generator Module

439

DS1307 Real Time Clock Module

49

L293D Motor Driver IC (2 Pcs)

41

7812 Voltage Regulator IC

15

7806 Voltage Regulator IC

18

HT12A Encoder

159

74LS86 Quad 2 Input Exclusive OR Gate

65

74LS161 Synch 4-Bit Counter

13

74LS11 Triple 3-Input AND Gate

65

74LS10 Triple-3-Input NAND Gate

75

74LS12  NAND Gate IC (Pack of 5)

296

74HC238N  3-8 Decode-Demux IC (Pack of 5)

139

4 Bit D-Latch 74LS75 IC

32

74139 Dual   Decoder-Demux IC

14

LM317 Adjustable Voltage Regulator IC

29

7809 Voltage Regulator (Pack of 5)

62

LM 350 Adjustable Voltage Regulator IC (Pack of 5)

426

ATmega32

449

ATmega128

605

ATmega328

605

LM 741 Op-Amp IC( Pack of 5)

49

555 Timer IC

9

LM358

9

LM339

12

LM324

9

DS1307 RTC IC (Real Time Clock)

129

Atmel 89S52

239

ATMEL 89C2051 IC

189

Condenser Microphone

9

HT12E Encoder IC

99

ATmega168

298

ATmega162

739

ATmega8

259

HT12D Decoder IC

99

8 Pin IC Base

6

7805 Voltage Regulator IC

10

L298N Motor Driver IC

154

L293D  Motor Driver IC

31

ATmega16

419

FAQ:

 

1. What is an integrated circuit (IC)?

  • Integrated Circuits, or ICs, are monolithic chips manufactured with a combination of gates, transistors and other electronic components to do a certain function . They come in various forms and sizes with many functionalities available. From a single function 555 timer, to the processor in your PC.

2. What are the types of Integrated Circuits?

  • Types of ICs refers to mostly their chip size and the number of gates They are
    • SSI: Small scale integration. 3 – 30 gates per chip.
    • MSI: Medium scale integration. 30 – 300 gates per chip.
    • LSI: Large scale integration. 300 – 3,000 gates per chip.
    • VLSI: Very large scale integration. More than 3,000 gates per chip.

3. How does the IC work?

  • ICs consist of very complex miniature circuits that contain anywhere from a few to billions of flip-flops, gates, resistors and transistors. Integrated circuits are a minimised combination of diodes, microprocessors, and transistors on a silicon wafer. Each of these components serves a specific purpose. When combined, these can perform calculations and multiple tasks. 

4. What are the characteristics of an IC?

  • Some of the characteristics of digital ICs are:
    • Noise immunity
    • Fan-in and fan-out capabilities
    • Power supply requirements
    • Power dissipation per gate
    • Operating temperature range
    • Suitability for IC fabrication
    • Cost
    • Speed (propagation delay).
    • Number of functions possible.

5. What are the essential components of an IC?

  • An IC contains a complex electronic circuit containing multiple resistors, diodes, transistors, capacitors, conductive pathways all made from a single piece of Silicon Crystal

6. Where can I buy an integrated circuit for my project online?

  • ICs are available in almost all online electronics shops including Robocraze. You can look up online the specific part number of the IC you require and search it on online stores.

7. Where can I buy integrated circuits at a shop near me?

  • ICs are available in many electronics shops, however the particular ICs you might need may vary in availability depending on how common it is. Most of your reputed local vendors should be able to arrange for your required part based on your requirements.

8. What are the prices of integrated circuits in India?

  • Prices of ICs vary depending on their purpose. Basic ICs can be had from anywhere from a couple of rupees to few hundred rupees, while more complex ICs like processors will be a lot more expensive.

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